What are the nighttime driving restrictions for a learner's permit holder?

The chosen answer is correct because, in Virginia, a learner's permit holder is prohibited from driving unsupervised between midnight and 4 a.m. However, if a licensed adult who is at least 21 years old is present in the vehicle, the learner may drive during these hours. This restriction is designed to ensure that novice drivers have the guidance and support of an experienced driver during potentially more dangerous nighttime conditions.

The other options do not align with Virginia law regarding learner's permit restrictions. For example, some may suggest an earlier cutoff time or imply that there is an unlimited allowance for nighttime driving, which is not accurate. Additionally, requiring a special pass is not a part of the learner's permit rules in Virginia. This helps reinforce the importance of having a responsible driver present when a learner's permit holder is operating a vehicle late at night.